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1 surface anisotropic etching
Engineering: SATУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > surface anisotropic etching
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2 травление поверхности
Русско-английский физический словарь > травление поверхности
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3 травление поверхности
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > травление поверхности
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4 травление поверхности
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > травление поверхности
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5 травление поверхности
травление поверхности
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[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > травление поверхности
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6 травление поверхности
Electronics: surface etchingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > травление поверхности
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7 Oberflächenätzung
f < obfl> ■ surface etching -
8 вещество для травления
вещество для травления
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
etching substance
Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action. (Source: CEDa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вещество для травления
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9 поверхностное травление
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > поверхностное травление
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10 поверхность порошка
проявляющий порошок, тонер, тон-порошок — developer powder
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > поверхность порошка
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11 Berliner, Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 20 May 1851 Hannover, Germanyd. 3 August 1929 Montreal, Canada[br]German (naturalized American) inventor, developer of the disc record and lateral mechanical replay.[br]After arriving in the USA in 1870 and becoming an American citizen, Berliner worked as a dry-goods clerk in Washington, DC, and for a period studied electricity at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. He invented an improved microphone and set up his own experimental laboratory in Washington, DC. He developed a microphone for telephone use and sold the rights to the Bell Telephone Company. Subsequently he was put in charge of their laboratory, remaining in that position for eight years. In 1881 Berliner, with his brothers Joseph and Jacob, founded the J.Berliner Telephonfabrik in Hanover, the first factory in Europe specializing in telephone equipment.Inspired by the development work performed by T.A. Edison and in the Volta Laboratory (see C.S. Tainter), he analysed the existing processes for recording and reproducing sound and in 1887 developed a process for transferring lateral undulations scratched in soot into an etched groove that would make a needle and diaphragm vibrate. Using what may be regarded as a combination of the Phonautograph of Léon Scott de Martinville and the photo-engraving suggested by Charles Cros, in May 1887 he thus demonstrated the practicability of the laterally recorded groove. He termed the apparatus "Gramophone". In November 1887 he applied the principle to a glass disc and obtained an inwardly spiralling, modulated groove in copper and zinc. In March 1888 he took the radical step of scratching the lateral vibrations directly onto a rotating zinc disc, the surface of which was protected, and the subsequent etching created the groove. Using well-known principles of printing-plate manufacture, he developed processes for duplication by making a negative mould from which positive copies could be pressed in a thermoplastic compound. Toy gramophones were manufactured in Germany from 1889 and from 1892–3 Berliner manufactured both records and gramophones in the USA. The gramophones were hand-cranked at first, but from 1896 were based on a new design by E.R. Johnson. In 1897–8 Berliner spread his activities to England and Germany, setting up a European pressing plant in the telephone factory in Hanover, and in 1899 a Canadian company was formed. Various court cases over patents removed Berliner from direct running of the reconstructed companies, but he retained a major economic interest in E.R. Johnson's Victor Talking Machine Company. In later years Berliner became interested in aeronautics, in particular the autogiro principle. Applied acoustics was a continued interest, and a tile for controlling the acoustics of large halls was successfully developed in the 1920s.[br]Bibliography16 May 1888, Journal of the Franklin Institute 125 (6) (Lecture of 16 May 1888) (Berliner's early appreciation of his own work).1914, Three Addresses, privately printed (a history of sound recording). US patent no. 372,786 (basic photo-engraving principle).US patent no. 382,790 (scratching and etching).US patent no. 534,543 (hand-cranked gramophone).Further ReadingR.Gelatt, 1977, The Fabulous Phonograph, London: Cassell (a well-researched history of reproducible sound which places Berliner's contribution in its correct perspective). J.R.Smart, 1985, "Emile Berliner and nineteenth-century disc recordings", in WonderfulInventions, ed. Iris Newson, Washington, DC: Library of Congress, pp. 346–59 (provides a reliable account).O.Read and W.L.Welch, 1959, From Tin Foil to Stereo, Indianapolis: Howard W.Sams, pp. 119–35 (provides a vivid account, albeit with less precision).GB-N -
12 Senefelder, Alois
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany[br]German inventor of lithography.[br]Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.[br]Bibliography1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).Further ReadingW.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).LRD -
13 поверхностное анизотропное травление
Engineering: surface anisotropic etch, surface anisotropic etchingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поверхностное анизотропное травление
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14 Haftgrund
Haftgrund m 1. OB keying surface (Putz, Beschichtung, Anstrich); 2. paint base, base (für Farbanstriche); 3. self-etch(ing) primer, etching primer (Anstrichtechnik); wash primer; 4. prepared surface (Schweißen)Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Haftgrund
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15 поверхностное травление
Cement: etching of surfaceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поверхностное травление
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16 Haftgrundierung
Haftgrundierung f 1. keyed surface (Grundieroberfläche); 2. etching primer, wash primer (Grundiermaterial)Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Haftgrundierung
См. также в других словарях:
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etching — /ech ing/, n. 1. the act or process of making designs or pictures on a metal plate, glass, etc., by the corrosive action of an acid instead of by a burin. 2. an impression, as on paper, taken from an etched plate. 3. the design so produced. 4. a… … Universalium
etching — [1] A roughening or disintegration of the paint surface, which can occur on small patches or over a wide area, through attack from bird droppings, soap deposits, industrial fallout, etc. Also called lifting. [2] The removal of soil or the natural … Dictionary of automotive terms
etching ground — ground1 (def. 11). [1780 90] * * * etching ground noun The coating of wax or varnish on a plate prepared for etching • • • Main Entry: ↑etch * * * etching ground, the varnish or coating used in etching to protect the surface of the metal plate… … Useful english dictionary
etching — chemical surface corrosion, usually conducted in a controlled fashion on a polished surface of a material sample to reveal details of the microstructure … Mechanics glossary
etching — etch·ing (echґing) [Old High Ger. ezzen to eat] the cutting of a hard surface such as metal or glass by a corrosive chemical, usually an acid, in order to create a design … Medical dictionary
